Secondary Wastewater Treatments
Secondary wastewater treatments are applied for the additional treatment of primarily treated water, in order to achieve a quality suitable for reuse or safe discharge into the environment. These processes enable the removal of fine suspended solids, dissolved substances, microorganisms, and other impurities that were not removed in previous treatment stages.
Depending on the required quality of the treated water, as well as the specific needs of industrial or municipal systems, various advanced membrane filtration technologies are applied:
- Ultrafiltration – effective in removing suspended particles, bacteria, and macromolecules, providing a high level of water clarity
- Nanofiltration – used to remove smaller organic molecules and a portion of dissolved salts, further improving water quality
- Reverse osmosis – the most advanced filtration process, enabling the removal of almost all dissolved substances, including salts, heavy metals, and microorganisms
The application of these technologies enables high water quality standards to be achieved, opening the possibility for water reuse in industrial processes, cooling systems, irrigation, or other technical applications.
